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Essay on American Drug Abuse - 1236 Words

American Drug Abuse nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Our society has found itself directly in the middle of a transcontinental drug surge. An estimated 23 million of the world’s population regularly take illicit drugs, and the Drug Enforcement Administration estimated that 13.6 million of those who habitually used illegal drugs in 1998 were Americans. Even in our current everyday motions of life and productivity, we have set the path for self-destruction. â€Å"We awake to the kick of caffeine, soothe our nerves with tobacco, ease our tension headaches with aspirin, wind down the day with alcohol, and swallow an antihistamine to help us sleep – all perfectly legal, respectable, and even expected (â€Å"Drug Abuse† 195).†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦This time period of organized crime and prohibition lead to thousands of deaths due to bad alcohol, and created general contempt among the citizens for the laws of the United States. As a result of our current prohibition, can you tell w here our great nation is headed now? History repeats itself in numerous ways quite often. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The next solution that one might think of, which has very good intentions but is just not even close to being a complete solution, is to educate the public and the offenders about drug abuse. For the most part, it seems unlikely that a reasonably sane individual will become a drug addict, if he knows in advance what the addiction is going to be like. If education is going to be an effective deterrent of drug abuse, it must begin during grade school, because one out of every six 13-year-olds has tried marijuana at least once. Our children must be taught the many dangers of drug abuse and strategies to avoid the abuse of these illicit substances, prior to middle and high school, where availability and peer pressure can make the use of drugs all too acceptable and extremely easy to fall for. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although education is a far cry from being a complete solution, as I said before, it can be very effective when used in combination with other plausible solutions. For example, the best solution we have developed and tested is to use education along with punishment, which is the systemShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe topic regarding drugs referred to as, Acceptability and Availability of Harm-Reduction Interventions for Drug Abuse in American Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies, by Harold Rosenberg and Kristina T. Phillips. 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It elaboratesRead More Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 PagesDrug Abuse Among American Teenagers Drug abuse in America is a major problem. Especially among teenagers. Drugs have hurt the lives of nearly 40 percent of all teenagers in America. Either with health problems, DWIs, highway crashes, arrests, impaired school and job performance. These drugs that teenagers use range from Alcohol, LSD, Marijuana, and even Cigarettes. Most of the teenagers that are involved in drug abuse have either, broken families, parents that are drug abusers, a unstable environmentRead More Cost of Drug Abuse on Society Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is a rampant problem in the United States. Drugs can be abused in a variety of different ways by people from every walk of life. Most of us have been affected by drug abuse either directly or indirectly. Drug abusers harm themselves, as well as their families and communities. 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Maia Szalavitz, Author Of1484 Words   |  6 Pagesabout our finger-pointing mentality on drug abuse, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and more people become addicted every day. When you hear the words drug addict you think of desensitizing termsRead MoreDrug Abuse1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroying families in the United States. 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The Life World of Alfred Schutz free essay sample

Fourth, people experience the working self as the total self in the life-world. Fifth, the social life of the life-world is characterized by intersubjectivity. Sixth, the actors flow of time intersects with the flow of time of society. The life world is an intersubjective world, one that existed before our birth; it was created by our predecessors and it was given to us to experience and interpret. Ones life-world, in other words, predates an individuals birth and is given to them to struggle with and attempt to transform. The life-world is therefore constraining, and people are always trying to shape or dominate it Cultural world was created by people in the past as in the present because it originates in and has been instituted by human actions; all cultural objects such as tools, symbols, languages, art, and social institutions point back to the origin and meaning of human action In his analysis of the life world Schutz was mainly concerned with the shared social stock of knowledge that leads to more or less habitual action Schutz views knowledge as the most variable element in our stock of knowledge because in a problematic situation we are able to come up with innovative ways of handling the situation Two aspects of stock of knowledge that is less likely to become problematic: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life World of Alfred Schutz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Knowledge of skills- most basic knowledge that rarely becomes problematic 2. Useful knowledge- definite solution to a situation that was once problematic

Pharmaceutical Company Innovation Impact-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case of Australian Pharmaceuticals. Answer Introduction The growth and development of a firm depends on the products variance and what they can innovate with respect to the ongoing trends of the industry. This text is based on the reviews of authors arguments regarding the Australian pharmaceutical companies. This also analyses the favourable and gaps in government policies, which either helps or acts as a barrier in innovation in the firm (McCann Ortega-Argils, 2013). The technological innovation has become crucial part of pharmacy industry is operating in regional or on international market (Mudambi Swift, 2012).This idea is also simultaneously important as analyzing whether pharmaceutical firms' experience in their technological and product-market domains confer early advantages to their new product offerings, while leading to higher initial sales levels (Henshall, 2014). It has been found that a rising number of biologics in the channel of pharmacy companies with unbeaten products previously in the market although, small molecular e ntities have principally conquered drug innovation. Research aim and objectives This research is on the impact of policy framework and the government policies influence in technological innovation in pharmaceutical industries of Australia. This research also explores on the advantage and disadvantages that the country had to face regarding the regulations in innovation. In spite of Australias relatively undersized population, Australians consume huge amounts of medicines. The performance of the pharmaceutical industry has been outstanding the years before 2008 cause of financial crisis. However, how the multinationals have struggled and used the economies scale to face the opportunity that they have (Jungmittag, Reger Reiss, 2013). The paper suggests a methodology for measuring the degree of openness in companies' innovation processes through the analysis of annual reports. Aim - The purpose of this piece of writing is to discuss the mentioned areas by reflecting on the Session on RD in Drug Innovation during the Bio economy(Henshall, 2014). Literature review Pharmaceutical industry in Australia knowledge based industry and there is extensive scope of using innovative technologies. The field research in biotechnology and bioinformatics is vast and the new nanotechnologies have become very essential to use to further explore the research and development strategies. In global context, this industry rise is supposed to be stagnant and development of Innovative drugs and generic medicine usage is on rise(Mudambi Swift, 2012). Developing new drugs are expensive. However, with help of government and capitalists eager to invest on the product development, these problems can have solutions in future. The funding part of the RD is allocated and inspected by government health and research centres (Lee, Hwang Choi, 2012). Like The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs), The Australian Research Council (ARC), The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Cooperative Rese arch Centers (CRCs), eager Universities and local hospitals and nursing homes (www.biogrid.org.au, 2017). Government also provides the Tax compensation and incentive programs in RD. Manufacturing industry in this medical field have outperform other industries in Australia (Mudambi Swift, 2012). The manufacturing industry accounts for about 10% of completely manufacturing industry in export in Australia. This industry is a technologically intensive and have exported around 3.89 billion dollar in the years 2012-2013. Moreover, it spent around $404 million on product manufacturing and RD. The value comes to 2.91 billion dollar as of 2012. Alpha farm in Australia is among the highest contributor to PBS (pharmaceutical benefit scheme in the year 2012 (Cappelen, Raknerud Rybalka, 2012). They are one among the highest market shareholder too. This industrys manufacturing and export performance has been impressive and that demonstrates the fundamental feature transformation that has occurr ed also within the pharmaceuticals manufacturing industry, from one focused principal on supply-demand to domestic market, to another focused on servicing international markets (Lee, Hwang Choi, 2012). The industry has employed about 16,500 people and used up around $404 million on pharmaceutical manufacturing RD in 2011?12. Sales of complementary medicines are worth around $2 billion a year. IBIS World has estimated that more than half of all pharmaceuticals manufacturers revenue is now derived from exports, higher than a decade ago(www.biogrid.org.au, 2017). There have been difficulties in this industry and that have affected the innovation. The certain expiries related patent problems have arise due to non-consolidation and consequence of rationalisation. If at any crucial moment, the company is unable to secure the needed investment exports percentage have shown decline in the average level(Mudambi Swift, 2012). Economies of scale have provided the competitive advantage of to the country for long and have given desirable outcome to the export market exchange Australia. Business Expenditure in this field of RD department, BERD for the pharmaceuticals industry significantly increased between 1998 and 2006, such that nearly by 200607, annual industry investment in RD had reached $860million (Jungmittag, Reger Reiss, 2013). Early stage innovation is strongly supported by the Australian government. This country has also ranked in the top ten of OECD(www.biogrid.org.au, 2017). The help has increased in the following years and support was administered by the NHMRC and planned to raise the capital by $750 million in two years 2010-2012(Sears and Hoetker, 2012). Clinical research development have also ranked in the highest position in the revolutionary drugs like Gardasil (cervical cancer vaccine), Relenza (influenza antiviral) and Naglazyme (treatment for rare genetic disease Mucopolysaccharidosis type six). Australia is known to be congruence towards early sta ge development of medicines not only value adding by packaging business. There are also different reasons for being able to use this as Australia has been reported to have high quality clinical trials. Secondly, Australia have been recognised several times to have excellent reputation in the field research (Sears and Hoetker, 2012). There is also advantage of favourable facilities. The global trends and financial crisis have affected and buffeted this industry. GlaxoSmithKline is one of the most reputed Multinational Corporation in the global market including Australia. The previous government programs had some scheme that has been beneficial for the company. However, they have been backed up by biotechnological innovation process. The rapid rate of patent expiry have matched the competitive advantage that has significant growth in the generic drugs sector (Michelino, Lambarti Caputo, 2014). The paradigm shift to out-sourcing the innovation facilities and early stage RD in the discussing countries has resulted in expansion of the biotechnology division, but this has been offset by cost reduction resulting in worldwide job losses in the originator sector (Besi McCormick, 2015). Considerably, the distribution of the Australian pharmaceuticals manufacturing industry, occupied in the higher value accumulation segments of the supply chain has declined throughout the past decade, from approximately 80per cent formulation to just 45 per cent, with the consideration of balance replaced by packaging activities (Lee, Hwang Choi, 2012). Therapeutic drugs ma nufacturer and sell under the TGA act is a different business unit of Australian government. The strategic Framework of the competitors is in sync with the increment in results they are getting in the over the last 10 years. In this groups direction paper there is also a global impact discussed as the sustainability of the Multinational pharmaceuticals depends most of that in outsourcing (Lehoux et al. 2014). The global working environment is challenging for this particular industry manufacturing RD and commercialization of activity. Though Australia has certain strengths regarding the world-class medical research base, strong clinical research centers, specialization in manufacturing and strong export business performance, value addition business, mature biotechnological sector and cost competitiveness to North America and European countries (McCann Ortega-Argils, 2013). They have also a strong backup of government laws and certainty in legal investments from benefit sharing schem es. The ageing population is in need of therapies that Australian therapy businesses has capabilities to act on (Besi McCormick, 2015). Growing interest on personalized medicine industry technological. The Factor f scheme operating in the country have adverse effects on PBS on innovation and manufacturing industry on Australian pharmaceutical industry. Later support scheme have supported portfolio of activities (Mahroum Al-Saleh, 2013). Research questions The research questions are for further analysis of the topic. After discussing the arguments of the authors in the articles it can be said that there is certainly some influence of global manufacturing of clinical, generic, therapeutic drugs in Australia. There is also a factor government policy acting as stimulation for the batch. Is the impact of policy framework and the government policies influence in technological innovation in pharmaceutical industries of Australia? If the relation between global pharmaceutical industrys performance positively correlated to that of Australias? Is the countrys pharmaceutical industry facing any problem? Is there any degree of open innovation working for this country? Conclusion Therefore, from the above analysis of the arguments of the author it can be concluded that there is certain advantage of having favourable regulations in the Pharmaceutical industries strategic competitive advantage. Australian government has made sure the support is firm in the early stages of drug development policies. There is also a maturity in the biotechnological innovation planning. The Bio informatics is also supportive. Further, there is also different schemes and acts that helps the business environment to grow. The advantage of having a favourable policy framework as a stimulation, which helps the innovation. References: Global pharma market grew to $712billion last year, Scrip, no.3357, 30April2008, https://www.biogrid.org.au viewed December 2008 . Cappelen, ., Raknerud, A., Rybalka, M. (2012). The effects of RD tax credits on patenting and innovations.Research Policy,41(2), 334-345. de Besi, M., McCormick, K. (2015). Towards a bioeconomy in Europe: National, regional and industrial strategies.Sustainability,7(8), 10461-10478. Henshall, C., Sansom, L., Eichler, H. (2014). Understanding the Role and Evidence Expectations of Health Technology Assessment and Coverage/Payer Bodies What Are They Looking for, and How and Why Does This Differ From What Regulators Require?,Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Science, 48(3): 341-346 Jungmittag, A., Reger, G., Reiss, T. (Eds.). (2013).Changing innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: globalization and new ways of drug development. Springer Science Business Media. Lee, S. M., Hwang, T., Choi, D. (2012). Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries. Management Decision,50(1), 147-162. Lehoux, P., Daudelin, G., Williams-Jones, B., Denis, J. L., Longo, C. (2014). How do business model and health technology design influence each other? Insights from a longitudinal case study of three academic spin-offs.Research Policy,43(6), 1025-1038. Mahroum, S., Al-Saleh, Y. (2013). Towards a functional framework for measuring national innovation efficacy.Technovation,33(10), 320-332. McCann, P., Ortega-Argils, R. (2013). Modern regional innovation policy.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,6(2), 187-216. Michelino, F., Lambarti, E., Caputo, M. (2014). Measuring Open Innovation in The Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry, Creativity and Innovation Management, 24(1): 1-25 Mudambi, R., Swift, T. (2012). Multinational enterprises and the geographical clustering of innovation.Industry and Innovation,19(1), 1-21. Sears, J and Hoetker, G. (2012). Technological Overlap, Technological Capabilities, And Resource Recombination in Technological Acquisitions, Strategic Management Journal, 35:48-67